Preflection:
1. What is the difference between a learning “need” and a learning “want”? Think back to the last module about the difference between felt and ascribed needs, and make a list of five things you’d like to learn for your work and five things you need to learn.
- “need” = necessity. The things I’d like to learn for my work:
- how to perform dissections
- how to set up the undergraduate wet lab
- how to demonstrate the wet labs
- how to deal with different personalities in a teaching centre
- to understand Anatomy and Physiology course material
- “want” = out of interest
- how to use web-based teaching programs
- how to set up/administer other programs
- how to evaluate wet labs using the internet
- where and how to get to the other rural teaching facilities are
- how to progress in the teaching world
- How often do training programs get based on what employees think they want and need to learn?
- More often these programs are based on what they need to learn in order to advance the organization. Rarely are they based on the learner’s wants unless it is to benefit the company.
- Where else do ideas for training programs usually come from?
- Come from executives and managers of companies = they see the need to improve the workplace, to make workers more efficient, to turn a profit, to make the organization more competitive.
- The community/”larger picture” = need to improve society ex. Ex-steel workers who need to be trained in another field in order to find work
2. Now think about the most important things that someone would need to know about you as a learner in order to design the best possible program for you.
- I dislike group work that is face-to-face. Internet group chats work best for me.
- I understand by application.
- I enjoy writing over presentations.
- Are these common things that should be known about most learners?
- Different learning styles are common among learners, but not necessarily addressed.
- Which of the things on your list would really affect your satisfaction with a workshop or program, if ignored? For example, perhaps you already have certain skills in a particular area, and you dislike wasting time with unnecessary repetition. Or, perhaps you’re not a particularly strong reader, and prefer hands-on learning.
- I would dislike a program if all that we did is group work. I am ot particularly strong at voicing my opinions in a face-to-face situation and usually let the stronger personality take over. Therefore, I would not really get much out of the situtation.
3. Read Cafarella pg. 112 to 122 and answer the following:
- What are the advantages and disadvantages to defining educational needs as learning gaps? Give Cafarella’s four reasons why training “gap analysis” may be an ineffective way to identify program ideas.
Advantages:
- The term describes “what should be” or what individuals should aspire to – allows for the generation of programs that improve individual/organization/society
- Helps recognize a need/ideas in education and training
Disadvantages:
- There is a negative connotation associated with “learning gap.” Suggests that there is a problem that must be fixed.
- Suggests that the employee may be inadequate despite their feelings of adequate performance.
- Educational planning is a reactive process not a proactive process. They are seen as a method to fix a problem not to improve a situation (these may not necessarily be the same thing).
- b. Choose four of the idea sources on page 117, one from each category, and give an example of a program that would respond to needs in that category. For example, an Alzheimer’s awareness-raising program would fall under “Responsibilities and tasks of adult life”.
People:
- Welcome program for immigrants that teaches them how to maneuver around the city, where to buy groceries, how to take public transport etc.
Responsibilities and tasks of adult life:
- First-time parenting program
Organization:
- How to incorporate a computer based patient record system in hospitals
Community:
- Setting up a Tele-health program in rural communities
What comes after identifying a general program idea?
- Determining the context and the needs assessment of the different participants. “There is a need for some general research about the situation and about the potential learners” (Program Planning Course 2011). This can be performed by generating a learner group profile.
Learner Group Profile:
4. From this list above, I included personal background information and alluded to educational and employment background. I did not include any information of prior knowledge in the subject.
Comparing Learner Groups:
From the website: http://www.health.state.mn.us/communityeng/needs/needs.html
5 means of obtaining information about your potential learning group are:
- Focus Groups
- Key Informant Interviews
- Community Forums and Public Hearings
- Surveys
- Community Resource Inventories
Those listed in Cafarella include:
- Surveys
- Interviews
- Observation
- Job Performance Analysis
- Community Forums
- Tests
- Job Reports
- Social Indicators
- Product reviews
- Conversations with colleagues, family, friends
Use of these techniques in combination or individual will depend on the context and funding.
5. Using one technique from the website, which one would you use in the following examples:
To illustrate the point, imagine a fitness workshop being designed for each of the following general target audiences:
- New mothers living in a housing development at the edge of a city
- Community Forum – first hand account from participants
- Community Resource Inventories
- Stressed-out managers in a large, office-based workplace
- Survey – less likely to take too much time out of work. This is the fastest method of data acquisition
- Focus group
- Football players training for the CFL
- Interview key informants – ex. Coaches, they would represent the football players. Large group to contact so easier to speak with a representative
- Survey
- Recovering stroke victims
- Interview key informants – ex. Doctors, physiotherapists – this group would know what is needed/required for the fitness program
- Community Resource Inventory
- Seniors living in a downtown apartment block
- Focus Group – different needs out of the program, these may be addressed, no official representation
- Community Forum
- Unionized workers in a manufacturing plant that is experiencing an increase in back injuries
- Interview key informants – ex. Union representative, large population. An official representative is present so should take advantage of that fact
- Community Forum
- Young immigrants studying at a downtown university
- Community Resource Inventories – see what is provided at the university. Wouldn’t have to worry about language barrier. They many not have representation.
- Focus Group
The birth of icebergs. Calving glacier in Alaska (May 2007). Taken during my honeymoon.